還有Ika的老公特別從馬來西亞飛來支持
摘要
為改善過度開發的海洋資源，全球紛紛劃設海洋保護區，倘若管理妥當，海洋保護區將達到有效管理的目標。印尼沙邦 (Sabang) 海洋保護區包含韋島海洋娛樂公園
(Weh Island Marine Recreational Park, WMRP) 和韋島海洋保護區 (Weh
Island Marine Protected Area, WMPA)兩處。韋島海洋娛樂公園由印尼政府成立於Iboih村，且由隸屬林業部的自然資源保護局管理。韋島海洋保護區則位處Anoi Itam和Ie Meulee村，由巴邦的海洋事務和漁業局管理。本研究目的包含(1）回顧沙邦海洋保護區相關立法、條文、政策及習慣法;(2）平衡國家法和習慣法;(3）定義及評估海洋保護區的有效管理與漁業永續經營之影響因素;(4）訂定海洋保護區的發展策略。本研究於2013年1月至9月於韋島海洋娛樂公園及韋島海洋保護區進行訪談及問卷調查，共計195受訪者。結果顯示，除了三種基本法規，法規的實施多根據地方的習慣法，歸納本研究海洋保護區成功管理的因素，包含各權益相關人對海洋環境的支持意願、法規執行和遵守、提升民眾了解海洋保護區將帶來的益處等。各權益相關人間應加強合作與建立共同管理機制，並強化漁業永續發展之相關立法與地方社區對海洋保護區的監控管理，將為海洋保護區與永續漁業相輔相乘之管理策略。
關鍵字: 海洋保護區、韋島、有效管理、關鍵因素
Abstract
Marine
Protected
Areas (MPAs) have been established over the world
in order to maintain marine resources from over exploitation. All the good
goals of MPAs can be achieved if management of MPAs is well organized. Sabang
in Indonesia has two MPAs, Weh Island Marine Recreational Park (WMRP) and Weh
Island Marine Protected Area (WMPA). The WMRP in Iboih Village is established
by the Government of Indonesia and managed by the Natural Resources
Conservation Agency, which operates under the Indonesian Ministry of Forestry.
The other is WMPA in Anoi Itam and Ie Meulee village is managed by the Government
of Sabang’s Marine Affairs and Fisheries Agency. This study aims to (1) review
the legislation, regulations, policies and customary laws of the MPAs
management in Sabang; (2) balance between the national laws and customary laws;
(3) identify and assess the factors that affect the successful management of
MPAs; (4) formulate the strategies for development of MPAs. The study was
conducted at two MPAs in January to September 2013. Researcher employed two
instruments of research, interview and questionnaire. 185 respondents
participated in this study. The result showed that there are 17 laws and regulations related the management
implementation of Weh Island Marine National Park and WMPAs. Based on Fisheries
Law No. 31,the management scheme has shifted from a top-down, centralized
management regime to a bottom-up in Indonesia. And for WMRP, based on law No 32, the Natural Resources Conservation
Agency should involve local governments to manage WMRP. In both areas, laws
becomes the basic for the establishment of MPAs, while the implementation in
the field that applies is customary law, where communities employ a customary
management system called Panglima laot, which literally translates to “Sea
Commander”. There were different opinions on factors that influence on the
successful management between two areas. In WMRP, participants considered that:
support of all stakeholders’ awareness of the marine environment” is the most
important. On the other hand, “improved understanding of benefits from MPAs”
was factor that influence in WMPA. Improvement of cooperation and establish
co-management with all stakeholders are management’s strategies of MPAs to
achieve sustainable fisheries in both areas.
Keyword:
co- management,MPAs, Panglima laot (sea commander), Weh Island.
沒有留言:
張貼留言